Consider the View That Free

Consider the View That Free Will is an Illusion Essay You decide on the chocolate cake confident that you could have chosen the sandwich instead. You were free to do both, but as a matter of fact, you chose to eat the unhealthy option. But were you actually free to choose the unchosen alternative? Many philosophers think that free will is actually an illusion – that the choice you actually made was inevitable. Schopenhauer, for example, argued that for a man to say that he could have chosen an alternative is analogous to water in a still pond saying it could be flowing. Yes, he said, the water could be flowing if that same water were in a river, but given that it is actually in a pond its stillness is inevitable. I will argue that the arguments that purport to show that free will is an illusion are weak, and that we have such a thing as free will. First let us look at the arguments for determinism (here I will understand the determinism being discussed to be hard determinism – the view that our free will is illusory – rather than the compatibilist idea that free will can exist alongside causal determinism). What makes you take the chocolate cake instead of the sandwich? We think that the chocolate taking is the result of our deliberation and that the motive for eating the chocolate cake overcame our desire to be healthy. But what determined or caused us to be the kind of being that preferred the one to the other? It was our overall character. But what caused this? We say it is our upbringing and our genes. Now did we decide upon our upbringing that started the casual chain of events that culminated in the taking of the chocolate? No, so there was no other action that was in fact possible. Think of a snooker ball falling into the pocket. What caused this to happen? It was the combination of its shape, the direction of the cue, and the nature of the table. These factors combined with the laws of physics made the event inevitable. Of course, the snooker ball was not logically required to go into the pocket. There could have been a gust a wind at the crucial moment, but then this other event would have been causally necessary. Other things can only happen if other things which cause these other things to happen occur. So whatever happens is determined. If this is true of snooker balls, why should it be not true of us as well? If we are physical beings, and our brains composed of physical stuff, why should I be not constrained by the same physical forces as everything else? The hard determinist says that there is no reason to believe that we are not subject, like the billiard ball, to the laws of nature. We feel like we could have chosen the sandwich, but given the physical facts about the situation the taking of the chocolate was inevitable. Of course, we could have taken the sandwich if the physical facts were different, but they weren’t! So free will – the sense that we could have done otherwise in the same situation – is an illusion say the hard determinists. We are not free. This is a radical thesis, and if accepted would result in a radical readjustment of our concept of ourselves. And it from this that my first argument comes. According to phenomenalism we should proceed according to this methodology: accept the appearances – accept what you have the most warrant for believing. Descartes, for example, says we can be more philosophically assured of the existence of our own minds than the existence of the physical world. Hence his famous proposition: Cogito ergo sum. Why should the more doubtful propositions of science about the nature of the doubtable physical world take precedence over the immediate data of consciousness? Why should the philosophically disputable over-ride the philosophically indubitable? Physical determinists are committed to this doubtful methodology: let the world, which we cannot prove to exist, take precedence over the mental world whose existence we simply cannot doubt. The phenomenalist like Sartre says the mental appearances are indisputable. We certainly have the phenomenology of the appearance that we could have chosen otherwise. And it is from these certainties that we should proceed. So our freedom is here an inevitable part of our conception of ourselves and no argument from the outside world of physics can over-ride these certainties. Here’s another argument against the acceptance of the idea that free will is an illusion. Kant says that ought implies can. In other words, we cannot be obliged to do something if it is not within our ability to do it. Someone may say that I ought to eliminate third world poverty – that if I do not do so I am guilty of a neglect of duty. But this is unreasonable. It is not within my power to eliminate third world poverty, so it cannot be said that I ought to do so. Of course, if someone were to say that I ought to help to eliminate third world poverty, this is a reasonable ‘ought’ because I can do it. Ought then implies can. The argument proceeds from this presupposition and says that if Eric murders Sam we say that he ought not to have done so. He ought to have done differently – he ought to have refrained from murder. But if determinism is true, then, Eric had no alternative open to him. He was caused by his nature, the laws of physics, and his environment to kill Sam. We cannot therefore say that he ought not to have done it. We cannot expect people to do things that are not within their power to do. Our moral beliefs then presuppose that determinism is false. If we are not free then a morality of oughts and duty is incoherent. Again, we could proceed phenomenologically on this – we are more sure and have more warrant for our oughts than we have for our beliefs in determinism, so moral oughts should over-ride any belief we might be entertaining for determinism. Another argument against determinism says this: if I am caused to inevitably accept the conclusions of an argument then I cannot have been rational to accept the conclusions of the argument. If I am determinist I have to say that my belief in determinism was caused by physical processes. The determinist has to accept that it is true for his opponent. Both are caused by ignorant physical forces to accept their beliefs. But this is self-refuting. The determinist is in effect saying that there is no rationality, so we cannot be rational in accepting or rejecting beliefs. So the consistent determinist cannot say that he is offering reasons for accepting determinism; he must say he is putting in new causal inputs that cause a new belief state to emerge. This seems little better than irrational brain-washing! To conclude: belief in determinism is not warranted. It goes against our fundamental conceptions of ourselves and threatens to make morality meaningless. Moreover, determinism is self-refuting. It says of itself ‘There is no rational reason for accepting me. ’ I cannot rationally accept that which has no rational reason for its justification.

The First Transcontinental Railroad :: American History

The First Transcontinental Railroad missing works cited â€Å"May God continue the unity of our country as this railroad unites the two great oceans of the world† (Mayer 213). This famous quotation was engraved on the gold spike that connected the two fragments of the first transcontinental railroad. It describes the significance of the railway to the rapidly growing United States. The transcontinental railroad was of tremendous importance to the development of the Union because it opened the western frontier to increased settlement and represented the growing integration of the country. It stimulated trade between east and west, and transformed the dormant frontier into an essential component of the Union. A very different situation existed before the completion of the transcontinental railroad. The western region of the United States was almost completely separated from the east. Travel between the two regions was agonizingly long and difficult, and transportation of goods was costly and inefficient. There were three main routes that could be taken to travel from the east to the west. The first was an expensive four-month sea voyage around the tip of Cape Horn. The second route was the particularly challenging horseback journey through the malaria-infested swamps of the Isthmus of Panama. The final option was to travel across the US mainland by wagon, which a strenuous and lengthy expedition. The settlement of the Oregon boundary dispute, the acquisition of Mexican territory, the discovery of gold in California, and the spirit of manifest destiny were various motives that inspired people to undergo the journey across America. Many people soon believed that a transcontinental railroad would be enormously beneficial to the country. The bitter feelings between the North and South resulting from divergent economies, life styles, and opinions on the divisive issue of slavery needed to be resolved before attention could be concentrated on the transcontinental railroad. By 1860, the North and South had developed two very different economies. The primarily agricultural South relied on its chief crop, cotton, which accounted for a good deal of US exports. To produce cotton in such large amounts, the South depended on the plantation system, and thus on slavery. The North however, was an industrial giant and had no desire for slave labor. The South avoided industrialization and imported nearly all manufactured goods. Therefore, they vehemently opposed high tariffs.

What makes a good Entrepreneur?

Strengths: I am good at keeping calm in difficult situations. Keeping calm is important when running a business, things may go wrong and you may be in some bad predicaments, but it is always vital to be calm. I have shown my skills of being calm when working as a sales assistant in 3; as a sales assistant in a mobile phone shop there will be a lot of people coming in angry with complaints about, or even wanting to send their phones to the repairs, when these situations happen it is always essential to keep calm because the customer is always write in a business. Also if you are not calm when a customer comes in and they are angry, it could affect the business as the customer would not recommend the shop, or they would not come back and it is always good to have loyal customers. Good attendance:I will always be where I need to be, if I said I am going to attend or if I am supposed to attend I will always be present, because I do not like to miss vital information or miss out and the c atch up later. I’d rather primary information than secondary information, because I understand more when heard from the person explaining.Good personality:I am always positive, and happy if I am at work I never have a dull attitude I do what I have to do and I enjoy what I do, I do not do anything that I do not think I will enjoy. I do all I have to, to the best of my ability’s; never half hearted. Customers love me because I love to get to know new people, working in a phone job it is important to get to know the customer so you can provide them with a phone that will suite them best. I’m always smiling, do not hold grudges and can never be angry for long time. I think this would make me a good entrepreneur because whatever I am hit with I never dwell on it I get up and move on The ability to work as part of a team as well as on my ownWeakness: OrganisationI am not very good at organisation; I do not plan ahead before time or keep things that I think I may need in the future. I need to work on keeping all important documents together so when I need them it is not hard to find, also I need to be able to plan ahead, set myself a plan or a time table so  that I can do things systematically then doing things all jumbled up and not remembering what I have to do and what I have done. PunctualityMy punctuality is not as good as my attendance, I always make sure I’m there but sometimes due to my bad organisation I will end up running late because I have not organised, what I needed for the morning, the night before. I am good and at estimating what time I need to leave to get to somewhere on time.Management skillsI have not git much management skills, I am able to lead a group however I do not think I am advanced or organised enough to manage a whole team. As managing a whole need is a lot or balancing responsibility, with I would need more experience to do.I.T skillsI also need more experience and more training in IT Skills, ask they ar e good but nor excellent, it is good to have I.T skills as the worlds technology is advancing and soon everything will be electrical, so if my skills are very good now, I can be learning as technology advances, so that I will not be extremely behind. Opportunities for development: Asking for helpAsking for help could help me quite a lot because I have a lot of people around me at all times, so asking for help with all the things I am bad at could hopefully, teach me how to do things better and get me into a routine. Writing things downAlso for development I could begin to write things down more in a diary, and then I can remember things more and know where things are. When writing things down it makes everything more efficient and you will always have evidence to go back to and show specific dates. As an entrepreneur it good to remember dates when you started a new idea, what day your new stock arrives etc.TrainingTo improve my management and I.T skills I will need some training and experience, as I.T skills you have to learn because there is a lot to computing, and technology is improving, so it is ggod to be update with I.T  skills. Also as I am going to be running my own business I need to learn how to manage a larger group of people, larger amount of money and documents. MentorA mentor will be a lot of help, someone who is older than me that can give me some tips on how to run a and manage a business, someone that can support you and teach you what to do and what not to do, as they have had experience and training to do this.Threats- New technology As technology is advancing all the time, and to stay up to date with all the necessary technology, a lot of money needs to be spent, even starting up the business I would need to buy a lot of technology, such as computers for the tills, CCTV cameras, TV screens and iPads for attraction and marketing.CompetitionAnother threat is my competition, big stores worldwide such as JD Sport, Footlocker and Schuh as they are much bigger stores and more known to the public, those places will be the first choice, however our store will appeal to more unique individuals.Recession A recession is a very big threat because if there is a recession, then the prices will have to go up and the customers will find it difficult to do some shopping, employers could even demand a higher salary due to prices of everything else going out.Personal development plan Skills: The ability to do a certain task well, something that is learnt to perfection with a lot of practice. Attributes: A quality, property or characteristics of somebody or something, it is not something you gain. Skills I need to manage my business properly Type of skill Why is this relevant to the business? Are you competent in this skill? Yes/No Explain why? How can I intend to develop this skill Good CommunicationGood communication is very important in a business, as you will need to speak to the customers, to find out what they like and need when doing market research. When a business has good customer services customers all feel likely obligated to come back because the get treated so well, better that our competition, communication skills is not only essential with consumers but also with the staff, good communication with your staff will make the business flow very well; a staff will be more confidence in what they do because there has been an established understanding, YesMore experience can develop these skills, more contact with customers in a work place will defiantly enhance my communication skills Presenting SkillsThe ability to present an idea to a group of people is very important it can take you from a small business to a worldwide business so it is important not on to have good presenting skills but to have good persuasive skills also. YesManagement SkillsManagement skills are relevant in a business, are I am going to be the manager of the business I need to be able to run he business to success. I also need to know how to organise a business, hire people and make the right decisions and when he wrong decisions are made how to recover and get better. No, because I have never been a manager, hover I have been a team leader so I just need more training and experience. Training, Experience and Mentoring, all these things will help me to become a better manger. Book-keeping and accountancyThis is relevant to run my business, as I need to keep track of everything that is going on in the business, so that there is always evidence, also accounting skills are relevant just to make sure that everything is running well in the business and not relying on an accountant, which is a lot of cash loss, and even if an account is hired it is always good to double  check.No, as I am not used to book keeping, also I have only just started an accounting course and need more knowledge in that subject. Read more financial books, and get used to writing things down in a diary all the time.Attributes I need to m anage my business properly Type of attribute Why is this relevant to the business? Are you competent in this attribute? Yes/No Explain why? How can I intend to develop this attribute Good personalityA good personality is one of my best attributes I have a positive attitude in everything I do, I am never negative is anything that I do, never accept failure and never give up, do everything to the best of my ability. YesAlways keep a positive mind and always keep organised, do not let things overload, pile up and stress outCommitmentThis is important because it is never good to give up, always give 100% in running a business, and give all time and dedication to make it work. Give everything you need to make it work, if it fails try again, have a lot of persistence and put in a lot of hard work, to make your business successful. YesBalancing ResponsibilitiesBeing able to do this will keep the business running smoothly and keeping everything on track, balancing responsibilities I will be able to have a personal life away from my career life and be able to care of them both and not one more attention than the other. No, because I’m not very good a balancing my priorities  Lean to meet deadlines and know when it’s time to work and play.ConfidenceIt is important to be confident when running a business, as drastic decisions need to be made and if there is no confidence the decisions will not be made. Confidence is needed to present well and to make changes in the business, No, I am not used to standing up in front of big crowdsDo more training in leadership, and aim for higher roles such as class president or vice president. What Makes a Good Entrepreneur? The terms entrepreneur, manager and owner are very much in meaning yet exhibit different representations of business people who are present at the top management. Entrepreneur is a person who sets up a new organization or enterprise and accounts for accountability on his part of the risks that could come onto his shoulders for one reason or the other. When the discussion is of the for-profit organizations, the entrepreneur term replaces itself with founder.  (Versi, 1999) This person is responsible for establishing a new entity or unit so that the establishment could provide an existing product or service into the form of a single new market, which could have a profit or non-profit result. The entrepreneurs have strong insights as regards to the opportunities that exist within the market and the threats that come as a result of the very same. The risks that could arise in the wake of these include personal, financial or professional ones so that opportunity could be grabbed with bo th hands.(Martin, 1997) In different societies, the business entrepreneurs are regarded as the pivotal components of a social order. (Covin, 1999) Entrepreneur manages and runs an organization and manages the different undertakings of the enterprise. This enterprise could be a business which is normally associated with peculiar initiatives and foreseeable risks. An entrepreneur is also an employer of productive work or in other words of labor. He is also the contractor who deals with or initiates the process of entrepreneurship.The entrepreneur is the person who is responsible for running the system which is in place in a normal process. He is the one who organizes the whole process. Entrepreneur creates or sells a product and/or service so that he could earn a considerable profit/benefit. The entrepreneur is the risk bearer and an organizer within the business enterprise. More than anything else, an entrepreneur is a leader by sheer definition. An entrepreneur wants to achieve high since his ambitions are always at the top.He is a person who believes in dedication and hard work. (Drucker, 1985) These people like to work for their own selves rather than working for some other business. They believe in quality of work and take acceptance for responsibility which is a hallmark of a true leader. These entrepreneurs believe in a positive approach and give rewards whenever they deem fit. Their thinking is more on the lines of providing excellence towards work and they are good organizers as far as work ethics are concerned.They want to make a profit and this profit helps them to accomplish more and more in their passage towards success and achievements. (Ramsay, 2004) Some of the well known entrepreneurs have included names like Ben Cohen of the Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream, Elisha Otis related with elevators, Ted Turner with the media field, Sam Walton concerned with the departmental stores and lastly Alan Sugar with the science of computers. (Watkins, 1998) Eff ective entrepreneurs know how to make use of their team members and during this while contribute in their own capacity towards team building.Entrepreneurial effectiveness within an organization could be improved if there is a general understanding that the entrepreneurs know their work well and also discern the exact basis for the workers who fall short on the knowledge curve. This would enable them to get the best out of these individuals and turn them into the strengths within the shortest possible time. (Versi, 2006) What spiral of knowledge does is to increase the awareness level of the entrepreneurs when it comes to their working methodologies and the ways and means through which they bring value to the different processes and activities of the organization.  (Gannon, 1987)The knowledge organization makes best use of the knowledge that it has and it does not let go on the opportunities which come in its way every now and then. There is a definitive need to outline the salient points which a entrepreneur must know in order to get the work done from the knowledge base and indeed the whole of the knowledge organization and it is only when there is a mesh of knowledge activities and the entrepreneurial effectiveness.  (Halal, 1996)Team building is one of the most significant aspects that come under the functions of an entrepreneur and he needs to make sure that he is the leader for all the activities and tasks that are happening under his vigilant eyes. Team building is all the more important because the entrepreneur needs to take decisions in line with the knowledge that his team can deliver under crunch situations and also because he has to take the company forward all this while.Thus it is imperative on his part to understand that the strengths and weaknesses of the team members are equally crucial and his requirement takes more ground in this whole equation when a difficult situation crops up. (Hocker, 2001) Thus a good team is only built when the lea der (entrepreneur) knows his team members pretty well and turns the weaknesses of different individuals within the team into their strengths and not only that but also in the strength of the team overall.  (Harper, 2003)An entrepreneur can only be termed an effective one when he understands his resources and what his team members can possibly do to their maximum in those available resources. Only then there is a sense of empathy and understanding amongst the team members and consideration towards the leader of the team which in this case is the entrepreneur himself. Thus, a good team is developed when there is complete harmony in the activities of the team members and there is basically a synergy amongst all of them.This synergy can only be encouraged by the team leader, which in this case is through an effective and considerate entrepreneur. (El-Amin, 2003) Being labeled as an entrepreneur is a social stigma, more so in the West where the same is attached with social injustice an d immoral etiquettes. In addition, being called as an entrepreneur of some business or corporation asks for the person to be termed as a tyrannical ruler who is ruling the lives of the employees and workers working under him. Oppression and entrepreneurship thus end up being each other’s synonyms.On the other hand, being called as an entrepreneur of an enterprise would be looked upon at in a very esteemed and reputable manner within a third world nation. (Economy, 2003) There are differences in the cultural mechanisms so as to speak. A conflict within an organization can take place due to differing personalities of the employees or in their attitudes that lead in their linkage with each other. This could also happen due to their norms and behaviors which might not be liked by any one party (person) and thus lead to a conflict of thoughts, ideas, actions and eventual behaviors towards each other.There is a degree of power when we speak of the entrepreneur in terms of the same over his subordinate or the employee who is working under him in a direct or an indirect capacity. In the end, it would be proper to state here that if the entrepreneurs are true to their jobs and know what they expect from the workers working under them, then it is duty bound on the part of these employees to be truthful about their work and apprise the entrepreneur as to where they have been lacking and what plus points have thus been achieved.  (Rogers, 2001)All said and done it is to the entrepreneur himself as to how best he can toe along the workers on those lines and till what extent he can drag them but in the name of a genuine organizational gain. A good entrepreneur can only be made if he is respected by one and all. (Milner, 2004)

Study Guide Literary Terms - 7657 Words

AP Literary and Rhetorical Terms 1. 2. alliteration- Used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical event. Lord of the Flies provides a compelling allegory of human nature, illustrating the three sides of the psyche through its sharply-defined main†¦show more content†¦An absent person, an abstract concept, or an important object is directly addressed. Example: With how sad steps, O moon, thou climbest the skies. Busy old fool, unruly sun. 11. archetype-something that serves as a model or a basis for making copies; this painting is a copy of the original [syn: original] 12. atmosphere- the dominant mood or emotional tone of a work of art, as of a play or novel: the chilly atmosphere of a ghost story. 13. antithesis- opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. *Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. Barry Goldwater *Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar 14. Anecdote A very short tale told by a character in a literary work. In Chaucers Canterbury Tales, The Millers Tale and The Carpenters Tale are examples a short account of a particular incident or event of an interesting or amusing nature, often biographical 15. antagonist- A person or force which opposes the protagonist in a literary work. In Stephen Vincent Benets The Devil and Daniel Webster, Mr. Scratch is Daniel Websters antagonist at the trial of Jabez Stone. The cold, in Jack Londons To Build a Fire is the antagonist that defeats the man on the trail 16. anticlimax- an event, conclusion,Show MoreRelated Prejudice and Racism in The Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness1361 Words   |  6 Pagesmodernism as the focus was of the interactions between the British and the people they conquered in modernism. Racism was still prevalent in post colonialism, yet the literature offers a slightly lees subhuman view of the Indians. The characters in both literary works express reactions to learned prejudice as white people in control of a black mans country (Jewel of the Crown, P.150). 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Essay on Homework Performance A Review of the Literature

Homework Performance: A Review of the Literature Homework has, traditionally, been considered an important part of a quality education. Recent studies have begun to raise questions as to the validity of this school of thought. (Cooper, 2006) For the purpose of my action research project, homework is recognized as an important component in a student’s education experience. I have recently observed a problem with some of the students in my 3rd grade class not completing and turning in homework assignments. The research topic stems from this classroom observation and raises several questions: 1. Does homework performance have a direct correlation to student academic performance? 2. What strategies can result in improvement in student†¦show more content†¦While each of the studies reviewed had flaws, the relationship between homework and performance appeared to be, for the most part, a positive one. Causal models and correlations showed a positive effect of homework on school performance. Experimental evidence suggests that test score imrovement is related to homework performance. On the other hand, some correlation studies suggested that the connection between homework and achivement is weak. Although the literature appears to indicate that study results are inconclusive regarding the homework-achievement correlation, most educators believe that â€Å"homework can be an important supplement to in-school academic activities.†(Henderson,1996). The studies reviewed in the literature showed that the majority of evidence indicates a postivie connection between homework and student performance. What strategies can result in improvement of student homework performance? Multiple approaches to intervention strategies were addressed in the literature. The acceptance and advantages of the use of homework were considered (Eilam, 2001). 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Culture Is A Way Of Life - 875 Words

What is Culture? Culture is a way of life. A societal heritage that is derived from language, religion, values, personal beliefs and even music. Without it their is no telling what the structure of our social forces may hold. According to Introduction to Sociology by OpenStax College, â€Å"Almost every human behavior, from shopping to marriage to expressions of feelings, is learned† (pg. 52). For example if a child is taught to show love, kindness, and compassion through the upbringing of his family, then he will most likely grow up sharing these same values. Behavior based on learned customs helps shape us as humans into the people we are today. In similar fashion, these same values hold true for the people of the Namibia Culture located in South Africa. Their heritage is a true testament of how adaptation plays a key role in survival. One could imagine how difficult it must have been to endure the unbearable conditions of the Kalahari desert but the Namibia tribes did. 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Negative Effects of Diversification in the Hospitality Industries

Question: Analysis the Negative Effects of Diversification in the Hospitality Industries. Answer: Introduction Diversification refers to a degree in which things, situations or people vary/ are different. Nevertheless, in the business world, diversification means expanding as a result of continued growth and development (Cho, 2013). Therefore, this means that a business can diversify either horizontally or upward which means that it can continue producing almost the same kind of goods/different kinds of goods but in the same production line and level or start a completely different product (Tanui, 2015). However, every business that needs to expand must have a clear understanding and know-how of its requirements and responsibilities especially when it comes to costs, financial status, availability of resources and its position in the market among other things. Nevertheless, diversification has got some negative and positive impacts towards the hospitality industry simply because of the industrys growth and development with years (Martin, 2015). For this report, I will analyze the negative effects only. The aim of this analysis is to get to understand the origin of these effects and the reason as to why they appear. Also, this proposal will be able to find out a way in which the industry can get hold of these negative impacts and make great changes with them in not only their business operations but also in the whole industry. This proposal is going to analyze every useful data for the purpose of finding a way to turn them into advantages instead of disadvantages or turn them into useful information rather than meaningless data. Research Objectives To analyze the effects of diversification on hospitality industry To find out the degree at which the negative effects of diversification impact hospitality industry To find out ways of managing diversification effects to the hospitality industry To find out ways of turning the diversification effects to hospitality industry advantage Research Approach The research methodologies are the ways in which data is to be analyzed theoretically. Apparently, there are different kinds of researches (practical research and theoretical research) which use different techniques of analyzing the information. There are also different research methodologies which are classifies according to their researches, they include: Quantitative, qualitative, correlation or regression analysis and the Meta-Analysis methodologies. However, the research methodology, research questions, hypothesis and the research designs are all inter-related. This simply means that they go hand in hand to complement each other. Reasons for the Recommended Approach In this research am going to use both the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Both of these methodologies are usually very effective simply because they give highly reliable results. The qualitative research method is mostly used when the researcher is interested in knowing the obvious reasons as to why certain people behave in a certain way while others do not (Creswell et al, 2007). The quantitative always gives the reasonable level or degree at which the some people behave in a certain manner while others do not. For my research, by using both I will definitely know the reasons as to why and what causes the diversification effects, how to turn them to hospitality industry advantage and to what degree they really affect the industry. Research Methodoly and Technique Recommended Research Technique This refers to data collection and analysis techniques. Data collection will be collected using interview and questionnaire administration. The interviews have been chosen as an appropriate method since it offers a chance for clarification of the data offered hence the researcher will be able to collect more reliable data. The questionnaires will offer enough time for the business person to give clarified answers though most of the illiterate people may not be able to fill (Creswell et al, 2007). It also may not offer a chance for explanation hence its combination with the interview will enable efficient and effective data collection. The interview will be done to business people who will not be able to answer the questionnaires. Both of these will help collect data even from business owners who do not speak the same language but can understand, or those can understand but cannot speak. Populations In determination of the sample size, the sample will be taken from business in the hospitality industry whether offering catering or hotel services. Also the business owners will be selected randomly after and from everywhere as far as they are willing to help in the research by sharing information. The Sampling Design The researcher will use random sampling for the purpose of completing this research. However, when using this kind of sampling technique, the researcher should ensure that every type of respondent is considered. This means that despite the gender, residential location, frequency of their buying, age, income level to name just but a few differences should be treated equally and to the best of his/her knowledge (Bryman et al, 2015). This will increase the chances of getting the right information from them because by doing this the researcher will be helping them feel comfortable and their opinions valued. Implementation Plan Random sampling design will be most effective because there will be no time to choose who to ask what and why. This will encourage equality and fair treatment of every respondent that the researcher will be able to get. Also, through sampling, the respondents will be in a position to give honest, correct, reliable and true answers to the questions that will be being asked. This is simply because no one will be aware or sure that they will be chosen. Random picking of businesses from anywhere gives the researcher a chance to collect the correct data (Williams, 2011). This is because the businesses will have no change to interfere or fabricate their responses since they will not be fully aware of whether they will be picked or not. Therefore, this method is simply the best for this kind of research because there are higher chances of getting the right information from the business owners and the business managers for analysis. Also as mentioned earlier, the interviews will offer a chance for clarification of the questioned asked which gives the researcher an opportunity of collecting more reliable data and better explanations for the responses. An interview also allows a chance for the respondent to ask questions or for clarification whenever they may not understand the question. It gives a chance to offer an in depth data through probing. On the other hand, the questionnaires will offer enough time for the respondent to give clarified answers though most of the illiterate people may not be able to fill them (Creswell, 2012). However, it does not giver enough room for explanations hence limited responses and therefore not so much reliability on the data. It also may not offer a chance for explanation hence its combination with the interview will enable efficient and effective data collection. Suggested Research Questions What are the main negative effects that affect a hospitality business organization? What do you think causes such kind of effects? To what extent do they really cause an effect to the business growth and development rate? What are the consequences that accrue to these effects? What are the possible solutions that can be used to solve some of the effects? For how long have you been experiencing the effects? With the kind of effects and consequences mentioned above, how long do you think the business can deal with them? PROJECT SCHEDULE Every research process must start with the identification of the topic which may take just one week. Conducting a literature review in details which will give the researcher a deeper understanding of the topic which takes about at most four weeks. Research questions formulation which takes one week to be complete. The hypothesis testing done and the methodologies to be involved in the research chosen. The methodologies may contains things like the data sources, data collection methods and data analysis. This step may take more time e.g. six weeks because one has to analyze the data and understand the meaning of the results. By doing all these, the researcher will find it to do his/her research and will take less time and costs less because they will have a good plan on what to do at what time. Recommendation I can recommend the researcher to carry out the research in a very highly populated area and especially one with many hospitality service offering businesses like in towns or cities. This may include businesses like hotels, motels, lodgings to name a few. This will increase the chances of the researcher getting more respondents who are experienced in speaking to strangers without finding it being a bother. Additionally, they will certainly get the most reliable information for analysis. Conclusion It is important for every researcher to follow the steps mentioned above to be able to succeed in their research. Also, every researcher should make sure that they are completely familiar with their research topic to enhance comfortability and research success as well as completion. References Cho, Y.S., 2013. The effect of business diversification on a firms performance, depending on its dynamic capabilities and market dynamism.Journal of Management and Strategy,4(3), p.p1. Yahya, M.Y., 2015.The development of strategic planning concept process model for small medium enterprise (SME) in the construction industry(Doctoral dissertation, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia). Martin, C.J., 2015. Seeing the Unseen: Sense making as a Deliberate Strategy for Radical Innovation. Rathjen, P., 2014. The Challenge of Organizational Complexity to Strategic Management. Tanui, J.K., 2015.Interaction between information technology Capability, environmental conditions and Competitiveness of consultancy firms in Nairobi County, Kenya(Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University). Nguyen Tran, T.N., 2014. A Framework for Understanding Physician Organizations' Orientation to Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). Afza, T., Slahudin, C. and Nazir, M.S., 2008. Diversification and corporate performance: An evaluation of Pakistani firms.South Asian Journal of Management,15(3), p.7. Chakrabarti, A., Singh, K. and Mahmood, I., 2007. Diversification and performance: evidence from East Asian firms.Strategic Management Journal,28(2), pp.101-120. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Creswell, J.W., 2012.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Creswell, J.W. and Clark, V.L.P., 2007. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Williams, C., 2011. Research methods.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER),5(3).